A critical review of marine biofilms on metallic materials

A critical review of marine biofilms on metallic materials

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Abstract The formation of multi-species biofilms on marine infrastructure costs the global economy US $ billions annually, resulting in Machine Washable Area Rug biofouling and microbiologically influenced corrosion.It is well documented that complex biofilms form on almost any submerged surface, yet there are still no truly effective and environmentally friendly treatment or prevention options Gas Oven Regulator available.An incomplete fundamental understanding of natural biofilm development remains a key limitation for biofilm control measures.The purpose of this review is to compile the current literature and knowledge gaps surrounding the development of multi-species biofilms in marine conditions on metals.